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NOTE: The 2006 Census counted
31,612,897 people in Canada during the national enumeration with
reference day May 16, 2006. This count is lower than the published
July 1, 2006 population estimate of 32,623,490 people. The
difference between the two figures is not unexpected and is similar
to the one experienced in the 2001 Census. Additional notes are further down this page. See also Stats
Can current population estimates:
http://www.statcan.ca/Daily/English/080625/d080625b.htm |
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Canadian Population Highlights |
NATIONAL
POP RANK |
2001 POP |
2006 POP |
CHANGE |
PRIVATE DWELLINGS |
OCCUPIED BY USUAL RESIDENTS |
RESIDENTS PER DWELLING |
LAND AREA
SQ KM |
DWELLINGS PER SQ KM |
POPULATION DENSITY
PER SQ KM |
|
TORONTO |
1 |
4,682,897 |
5,113,149 |
9.2% |
1,894,436 |
1,801,071 |
0.95 |
5,904 |
321 |
866 |
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MONTREAL |
2 |
3,451,027 |
3,635,571 |
5.3% |
1,593,502 |
1,525,629 |
0.96 |
4,259 |
374 |
854 |
|
VANCOUVER |
3 |
1,986,965 |
2,116,581 |
6.5% |
870,992 |
817,033 |
0.94 |
2,877 |
303 |
736 |
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OTTAWA |
4 |
1,067,800 |
1,130,761 |
5.9% |
478,242 |
449,031 |
0.94 |
5,716 |
84 |
198 |
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CALGARY |
5 |
951,494 |
1,079,310 |
13.4% |
433,616 |
415,592 |
0.96 |
5,107 |
85 |
211 |
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EDMONTON |
6 |
937,845 |
1,034,945 |
10.4% |
426,132 |
405,311 |
0.95 |
9,418 |
45 |
110 |
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6 CITIES |
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13,078,028 |
14,110,317 |
7.9% |
5,696,920 |
5,413,667 |
0.95 |
33,281 |
171 |
424 |
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ALL CANADA |
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30,007,094 |
31,612,897 |
5.4% |
13,576,855 |
12,435,520 |
0.92 |
9,017,699 |
1.5 |
4 |
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6 CITIES % OF CANADA |
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43.6% |
44.6% |
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42.0% |
43.5% |
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0.4% |
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The population figures for each city above are CMA Census Metropolitan Areas which include the totals of Urban Core, Urban Fringe and Rural Fringe data.
The Canadian population grew more rapidly between 2001 and 2006 (+5.4%) than in the previous intercensal period (+4.0%). This acceleration was due to an increase in international migration.
According to the May 16, 2006, Census of Population, there were 31,612,8971 people in Canada.
Canada had a higher rate of population growth (+5.4%) than any other G8 country between 2001 and 2006. The population growth of the United States was second with +5.0%.
Two-thirds of Canada’s population growth was attributable to net international migration, while the U.S. population growth resulted mostly from natural increase, as fertility was higher in the United States than in Canada.
Alberta and Ontario were responsible for two-thirds of Canada’s population increase. Nearly all of the remaining third occurred in British Columbia and Quebec.
Alberta is the Canadian province with the highest growth rate since 2001. Alberta’s growth rate (+10.6%) was twice the national average (+5.4%).
Overall, the population of the Atlantic provinces was essentially unchanged since 2001. However, the population of Newfoundland and Labrador shrank by 1.5%.
Quebec’s growth rate was three times as high as in the previous intercensal period, jumping from 1.4% between 1996 and 2001 to 4.3% between 2001 and 2006.
Ontario’s population increase has been steady for the last 15 years at just over 6.0% per intercensal period, which is above the national average.
The growth of British Columbia’s population between 2001 and 2006 (+5.3%) was slightly higher than during the previous intercensal period (+4.9%).
For the first time, the territories have a population of more than 100,000.
In 2006, nearly 25 million people, or more than four-fifths of Canadians, were living in urban areas.
Between 2001 and 2006, the vast majority of Canada’s population growth took place in census metropolitan areas.
In the 2006 Census, Canada had six metropolitan areas with more than 1 million people: Toronto, Montréal, Vancouver, Ottawa - Gatineau and, for the first time, Calgary and Edmonton. Together, this “millionaire’s club” had a total of 13.6
million residents, or 45% of Canada’s population.
Between 2001 and 2006, six of the 15 census metropolitan areas that had growth rates higher than the national average were in the Greater Golden Horseshoe: Barrie (+19.2%), Oshawa (+11.6%), Toronto (+9.2%), Kitchener (+8.9%), Guelph
(+8.2%) and Brantford (+5.5%).
Calgary’s population has grown by 13.4% since 2001. Edmonton’s growth rate at 10.4% was also among the highest in the country.
Moncton is the only census metropolitan area in the Atlantic provinces whose growth rate surpassed the national average between 2001 and 2006. It now has a larger population than any other urban area in New Brunswick.
Eight mid-size urban centres had a growth rate of more than 10%, about twice as high as the rate for Canada as a whole. Seven of the eight were in Alberta.
Between 2001 and 2006, the growth rate of peripheral municipalities surrounding the central municipalities of Canada’s 33 census metropolitan areas was double the national average (+11.1% versus +5.4%).
The rural population increased by 1.0% since 2001. In 2006, just under one in five Canadians (6 million people) lived in rural areas.
Rural areas close to urban centres grew much faster (+4.7%) than remote rural areas (-0.1%).
Nearly half (47%) of the territories’ population was living in one of the three capital cities in 2006.
The 1996 Census population counts for a particular area represent the number of Canadians whose usual place of residence is in that area, regardless of where they happened to be on Census Day. Also included
are any Canadians staying in a dwelling in that area on Census Day and having no usual place of residence elsewhere in Canada, as well as those considered "non-permanent residents". In most areas, there is little difference between the
number of usual residents and the number of people staying in the area on Census Day. For certain places, however, such as tourist or vacation areas, or those including large work camps, the number of people staying in the area at any
particular time could significantly exceed the number of usual residents shown here. The population counts include Canadians living in other countries, but do not include foreign residents living in Canada (the "foreign residents"
category does not include "non-permanent residents"). Given these differences, users are advised not to interpret population counts as being the number of people living in the reported dwellings.
Unlike previous censuses, a
Temporary Residents Study was not carried out in 1996. Therefore, the census did not verify, on a sample basis, if temporary residents (persons found on Census Day at a place other than their usual place of residence) were enumerated at
their usual place of residence. In 1991, missing temporary residents accounted for an estimated 92,584 persons. For a more precise comparison of the 1991 and 1996 Census results, the 1991 Census population counts should be reduced
accordingly.
The dwelling counts refer to all private dwellings in Canada occupied by their usual residents, as well as temporary or foreign residents. The dwelling counts do not include collective dwellings, which are dwellings
of a commercial, institutional or communal nature. The population in collective dwellings is, however, included in the population counts.
Changes occur to the names, boundaries, and other characteristics of geographic areas (e.g.,
census subdivisions may amalgamate, or there may be an annexation, or change of name or status). Since the geographic framework is used for census data collection, the geographic reference date must be set several months before the date
of the census in order to have these changes made in time. For the 1996 Census, the geographic reference date was January 1, 1996, except for forward sortation areas.
Users wishing to compare 1996 Census data with those of other
censuses should then take into account that the boundaries of geographic areas may change from one census to another. In order to facilitate comparison, the 1991 Census population counts are adjusted as needed to take into account
boundary changes between the 1991 and 1996 Censuses. The 1991 population counts that were adjusted are identified by the letter "A". The "A" may also refer to corrections to the 1991 population counts; however, most of these are the
result of boundary changes. This symbol is also used to identify areas which have been created since 1991, such as newly incorporated municipalities (census subdivisions). However, the "A" symbol has not been applied to the 1991 counts
for designated places (appearing in Table 10, Catalogue No. 93-357-XPB) since these are entirely new for 1996.
A detailed description of intercensal changes made to the geographical units can be found in the publication entitled
Standard Geographical Classification, 1996, Volume I (Catalogue No. 12-571-XPB).
Some Indian settlements and Indian reserves were incompletely enumerated during the 1991 and/or 1996 Censuses. These reserves and settlements are
identified wherever they appear in the table.
Additional releases follow. |
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Additional
Releases
http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/release/index.cfm
Population and dwelling counts
A portrait of the Canadian population
Release no. 1: March 13, 2007
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Canada's population growth between
2001 and 2006 was higher than the previous intercensal period.
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Between 2001 and 2006, Canada's
population growth was the highest among the G8 countries.
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The population growth between 2001
and 2006 was higher in most provinces and territories than during
the previous intercensal period.
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Nearly 90% of Canada's population
growth between 2001 and 2006 was concentrated in large metropolitan
areas.
Age and sex
Portrait of the Canadian Population in 2006, by Age and Sex
Release no. 2: July 17, 2007
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According to the 2006 Census, the
65-and-over population made up a record 13.7% of the total
population of Canada in 2006. The proportion of the under-15
population fell to 17.7%, its lowest level ever.
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Canada is still one of the youngest
countries in the G8, as only the United States has a lower
proportion of elderly people (12.4% compared with 13.7%).
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The number of people aged 55 to 64,
many of whom are workers approaching retirement, has never been so
high in Canada, at close to 3.7 million in 2006.
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Canada’s urban areas had a much
larger young working-age population (aged 20 to 44) than rural
areas, which were generally older. The differences are due
primarily to internal migration of young adults, who often leave
the rural areas in their late teens or early twenties to pursue
their education or find work in urban areas, and to international
immigration, which is heavily concentrated in large urban centres.
Families and households
Release no. 3: September 12, 2007
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The number of common-law-couple
families increased between 2001 and 2006, more than five times the
gain observed for married-couple families and more than double the
growth of lone-parent families.
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The 2006 Census enumerated same-sex
married couples for the first time. Of the 45,345 same-sex couples
counted, 7,465 were married couples.
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Households have been declining in
size over the past century. In 2006, there were more than three
times as many one-person households as those consisting of five or
more people.
Marital status
(including common-law status)
Release no. 3: September 12, 2007
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For the first time in 2006, there
were more unmarried people aged 15 and over in Canada than married
people. Just over one-half of Canada's population in this age group
was unmarried, that is, they had never been legally married, or
they were divorced, widowed or separated.
Housing and shelter costs
Release no. 3: September 12, 2007 - dwelling characteristics
Release no. 8: May 1, 2008 - shelter costs
June 4, 2008 release - housing analysis
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More than two-thirds of Canadian
households (68.4%) owned their own dwelling in 2006, the highest
rate of homeownership on record.
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Shelter costs reported by Canadian
households increased faster than the rate of inflation as measured
by the Consumer Price Index between 2001 and 2006. They rose faster
for owner households than for renter households.
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In 2006, an estimated 24.9% of all
households spent 30% or more of their income on shelter, up
marginally from 2001. Those who spend 30% or more on shelter may do
so by choice, or they may be at risk of experiencing problems
related to housing affordability.
Language (including language of
work)
Release no. 6: March 4, 2008
Release no. 4: December 4, 2007
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Due to increased immigration since
the mid-1980s, and the tendency of most immigrants to have a mother
tongue other than English or French, the share of the allophone
population has grown: from 18% in 2001 to 20% in 2006.
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In 2006, 98% of the population can
speak one or both official languages. In addition, English or
French is spoken at least regularly at home by 94% of Canadians and
most often at home for 89% of the population, sometimes in
combination with a non-official language.
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The Chinese languages1 are the third
largest mother tongue group, as 3% of the population reported a
Chinese language as their mother tongue.
Immigration and citizenship
Release no. 4: December 4, 2007
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The 2006 Census enumerated 6,186,950
individuals who were born outside of Canada. They represented one
in five (19.8%) of the total population. This is the highest
proportion of foreign-born population in 75 years.
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A majority of the 1.1 million recent
immigrants lived in Toronto, Montréal and Vancouver. But there were
also some signs that newcomers are choosing the smaller
metropolitan areas.
Aboriginal peoples
Release no. 5: January 15, 2008
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In 2006, Aboriginal people in Canada
- First Nations, Métis and Inuit - surpassed the one-million mark,
reaching 1,172,790.
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Between 1996 and 2006, the Aboriginal
population grew by 45%, compared with 8% for the non-Aboriginal
population.
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The census counted 50,485 Inuit,
389,785 Métis and 698,025 First Nations people in 2006.
Labour (including labour market
activity, industry and occupation)
Release no. 6: March 4, 2008
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Between 2001 and 2006, employment in
Canada increased 1.7% per year, on average, the fastest rate among
the Group of Seven (G7) nations.
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Average annual employment growth
between 2001 and 2006 was strongest in the mining, oil and gas
extraction (with an average annual increase of 7.5%) and
construction (4.5%) industries.
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The aging of Canada’s labour force
intensified, with 15.3% of its workers aged 55 and over in 2006,
compared to 11.7% in 2001.
Place of work and commuting to
work (including mode of transportation)
Release no. 7: April 2, 2008
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The proportion of persons driving
their cars to work fell slightly from 73.8% in 2001 to 72.3% in
2006.
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The proportion of Canadian commuters
using public transit to get to work continued to rise, from 10.1%
in 1996 to 10.5% in 2001 and 11.0% in 2006.
Release no. 6: March 4, 2008
Education (including educational
attainment)
Release no. 6: March 4, 2008
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In 2006, six in 10 Canadians had a
postsecondary degree.
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Nearly 4 million Canadians had a
university degree in 2006 – 24% more than in 2001.
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One in five postsecondary graduates
had studied in Business, Management, Marketing and Related Support
Services.
Language (including language of
work)
Release no. 6: March 4, 2008
Release no. 4: December 4, 2007
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Due to increased immigration since
the mid-1980s, and the tendency of most immigrants to have a mother
tongue other than English or French, the share of the allophone
population has grown: from 18% in 2001 to 20% in 2006.
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In 2006, 98% of the population can
speak one or both official languages. In addition, English or
French is spoken at least regularly at home by 94% of Canadians and
most often at home for 89% of the population, sometimes in
combination with a non-official language.
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The Chinese languages1 are the third
largest mother tongue group, as 3% of the population reported a
Chinese language as their mother tongue.
Ethnic origin and visible
minorities
Release no. 7: April 2, 2008
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More than 200 different ethnic
origins were reported in the 2006 Census.
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An estimated 5,068,100 individuals
were members of the visible minority population. They represented
16.2% of the total population in 2006, up from 13.4% in 2001.
Income and earnings
Release no. 8: May 1, 2008
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Median earnings of Canadians employed
on a full-time basis for a full year changed little during the past
quarter century, edging up from $41,348 in 1980 to $41,401 in 2005
(in 2005 constant dollars).
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Between 1980 and 2005, the median
income of all economic families of two or more people increased
11.1%, from $59,709 in 1980 to $66,343 in 2005 (in 2005 constant
dollars).
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During the past 25 years, the
before-tax low income rate for children changed very little. In
2005, 19.3% of pre-schoolers and 17.0% of school-age children lived
in low income families, compared to 20.0% and 18.7%, respectively,
in 1980. Over the same period, however, the before-tax low income
rate for seniors aged 65 and over declined substantially, from
29.9% to 14.4%.
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